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Compare Bahrain (2001) - Christmas Island (2008)

Compare Bahrain (2001) z Christmas Island (2008)

 Bahrain (2001)Christmas Island (2008)
 BahrainChristmas Island
Administrative divisions 12 municipalities (manatiq, singular - mintaqah); Al Hadd, Al Manamah, Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat 'Isa, Juzur Hawar, Sitrah

note:
all municipalities administered from Manama		 none (territory of Australia)
Age structure 0-14 years:
29.6% (male 96,697; female 94,330)

15-64 years:
67.43% (male 257,360; female 177,839)

65 years and over:
2.97% (male 9,721; female 9,414) (2001 est.)		 0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA
Agriculture - products fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish NA
Airports 3 (2000 est.) 1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

over 3,047 m:
2 (2000 est.)		 total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 -
Area total:
620 sq km

land:
620 sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total: 135 sq km


land: 135 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC
Background Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Possessing minimal oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining, and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The new amir is pushing economic and political reforms, and has worked to improve relations with the Shi'a community. In 2001, the International Court of Justice awarded the Hawar Islands, long disputed with Qatar, to Bahrain. Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement began by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.
Birth rate 20.07 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA
Budget revenues:
$1.8 billion

expenditures:
$2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)		 revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA
Capital Manama name: The Settlement


geographic coordinates: 10 25 S, 105 43 E


time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds
Coastline 161 km 138.9 km
Constitution adopted late December 2000 (new constitution calls for a partially elected legislature, a constitutional monarchy, and an independent judiciary) Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Country name conventional long form:
State of Bahrain

conventional short form:
Bahrain

local long form:
Dawlat al Bahrayn

local short form:
Al Bahrayn

former:
Dilmun		 conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island


conventional short form: Christmas Island
Currency Bahraini dinar (BHD) -
Death rate 3.92 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA
Debt - external $2.7 billion (2000) -
Dependency status - non-self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Attorney-General's Department
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Johnny YOUNG

embassy:
#979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 321, Zinj District, Manama

mailing address:
American Embassy Manama, PSC 451, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama

telephone:
[973] 273-300

FAX:
[973] 272-594		 none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant)

chancery:
3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 342-0741

FAX:
[1] (202) 362-2192

consulate(s) general:
New York		 none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international in March of 2001, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) awarded the Hawar Islands to Bahrain and also adjusted Bahrain's maritime boundary with Qatar none
Economic aid - recipient $48.4 million (1995) $NA
Economy - overview In Bahrain, petroleum production and refining account for about 60% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. Bahrain is dependent on Saudi Arabia for oil revenue granted as aid. A large share of exports consists of petroleum products made from imported crude. Construction proceeds on several major industrial projects. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of both oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems. Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993, but closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, expected to begin operations in the near future.
Electricity - consumption 5.752 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 6.185 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Persian Gulf 0 m

highest point:
Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m		 lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Murray Hill 361 m
Environment - current issues desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; no natural fresh water resources so that groundwater and sea water are the only sources for all water needs loss of rainforest; impact of phosphate mining
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups Bahraini 63%, Asian 19%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8% Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%


note: no indigenous population (2001)
Exchange rates Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.3760 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar) Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003)
Executive branch chief of state:
Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969)

head of government:
Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al Khalifa (since NA 1971)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch		 chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general


head of government: Administrator Neil LUCAS (since 30 January 2006)


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Exports $5.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $NA
Exports - commodities petroleum and petroleum products 61%, aluminum 7% phosphate
Exports - partners India 14%, Saudi Arabia 5%, US 5%, UAE 5%, Japan 4%, South Korea 4% (1999) Australia, NZ (2006)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description red with a white serrated band (eight white points) on the hoist side territorial flag; divided diagonally from upper hoist to lower fly; the upper triangle is green with a yellow image of the Golden Bosun Bird superimposed, while the lower triangle is blue with the Southern Cross constellation, representing Australia, superimposed; a centered yellow disk displays a green map of the island


note: the flag of Australia is used for official purposes
GDP purchasing power parity - $10.1 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
1%

industry:
46%

services:
53% (1996 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $15,900 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 5% (2000 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 26 00 N, 50 33 E 10 30 S, 105 40 E
Geography - note close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf which much of Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
3,164 km

paved:
2,433 km

unpaved:
731 km

note:
there is a paved causeway connecting Bahrain to Saudi Arabia (1997)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $4.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $NA
Imports - commodities nonoil 59%, crude oil 41% consumer goods
Imports - partners France 20%, US 14%, UK 8%, Saudi Arabia 7%, Japan 5% (1999) principally Australia (2006)
Independence 15 August 1971 (from UK) none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate 2% (2000 est.) -
Industries petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore banking, ship repairing; tourism tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Infant mortality rate 19.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2% (2000 est.) -
International organization participation ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 10 sq km (1993 est.) NA
Judicial branch High Civil Appeals Court Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Labor force 295,000 (1998 est.)

note:
44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.)		 NA
Labor force - by occupation industry, commerce, and service 79%, government 20%, agriculture 1% (1997 est.) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
92% (1993 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park) (2005)
Languages Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu English (official), Chinese, Malay
Legal system based on Islamic law and English common law under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly was dissolved 26 August 1975 and legislative powers were assumed by the Cabinet; appointed Advisory Council established 16 December 1992; the National Action Charter created a bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum of 14 February 2001 unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 20 October 2007 (next to be held in 2009)


election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth total population:
73.2 years

male:
70.81 years

female:
75.67 years (2001 est.)		 total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
85.2%

male:
89.1%

female:
79.4% (1995 est.)		 NA
Location Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Map references Middle East Southeast Asia
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
extending to boundaries to be determined

territorial sea:
12 NM		 territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total:
7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 175,609 GRT/207,652 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 2, cargo 3, container 2 (2000 est.)		 -
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, Police Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $318 million (FY99) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 5.2% (FY99) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
222,141 (2001 est.)		 -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
121,833 (2001 est.)		 -
Military manpower - military age 15 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
5,926 (2001 est.)		 -
National holiday National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 is the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 is the date of independence from British protection Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
Nationality noun:
Bahraini(s)

adjective:
Bahraini		 noun: Christmas Islander(s)


adjective: Christmas Island
Natural hazards periodic droughts; dust storms the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls phosphate, beaches
Net migration rate 1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA
Pipelines crude oil 56 km; petroleum products 16 km; natural gas 32 km -
Political parties and leaders political parties prohibited none
Political pressure groups and leaders Shi'a activists fomented unrest sporadically 1994-97, demanding the return of an elected National Assembly and an end to unemployment; several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active none
Population 645,361

note:
includes 228,424 non-nationals (July 2001 est.)		 1,402 (July 2006 est.) (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 1.73% (2001 est.) 0% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Manama, Mina' Salman, Sitrah -
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2006)
Radios 338,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Shi'a Muslim 70%, Sunni Muslim 30% Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.45 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.03 male(s)/female

total population:
1.29 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 NA
Suffrage none -
Telephone system general assessment:
modern system

domestic:
modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones

international:
tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (1997)		 general assessment: service provided by the Australian network


domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005


international: country code - 61-8; satellite earth stations - 1 INTELSAT earth station provides telephone and telex service (2005)
Telephones - main lines in use 152,000 (1997) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 58,543 (1997) -
Television broadcast stations 4 (1997) 0 (TV broadcasts received via satellite from mainland Australia) (2006)
Terrain mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Total fertility rate 2.79 children born/woman (2001 est.) NA
Unemployment rate 15% (1998 est.) -
Waterways none -
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